ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOR IN CONDITIONS OF A WIDE AVAILABILITY OF SO-CALLED «LEGAL HIGHS»

Authors

  • Є. О. Самара Odessa I.I. Mechnikov National University, Ukraine

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18524/2304-1609.2015.2%20(36).134880

Keywords:

«legal highs», addictive behavior, cannabinoid receptor agonists, cathinones, piperazines

Abstract

In this paper, a review of studies of addictive behavior influenced by so-called «legal highs» was conducted. The definition of the this term was proposed, which refers to some natural and new synthetic psychoactive substances with a wide range of chemical analogues and characterized by specific marketing and circulation, making it difficult to regulate by law. Today, drug abuse inUkrainehas taken the epidemic character and spread throughout the country. The fastest growing segment is the segment of «legal highs». We briefly discussed the effects by three main types of «legal highs» such as cannabinoid receptor agonists, cathinones, piperazines. There is a distinct toxicity of drugs for the central nervous system, which may be potentiated by some related substances. It is also necessary to note their strong addictive action: rapid addiction, stable behavior deviation, psychotic episodes. Of course, the entire range of «legal highs» is not limited to these compounds and their derivatives, it is worth mentioning the so-called «new depressants» — gamma-butyrolactone etc., the so-called «new amphetamines» — 4-fluoroamphetamine etc., and synthetic cocaine. Prospects for further research in this area were outlined. We proposed the future studies of the structure of personality and emotional disorders in «legal highs» abusers with broad battery of psychodiagnostic methods aim at both conscious and an unconscious level of mind.

Author Biography

Є. О. Самара, Odessa I.I. Mechnikov National University

Samara O.

References

Bryun E. A. Vybyraem zhyzn’! Profylaktyka narkomanyy y druhykh vydov zavysymostey [Elektronnyy resurs] / E. A. Bryun // Metodycheskyy sbornyk. — 2013 — Rezhym dostupu: http://www.tsit29.ru/upload/1011_profylaktyka narkomanyy.doc.

Vynstok A. «Lehal’nye narkotyky». Trudnosty, svyazannye s poyavlenyem novykh psykhoktyvnykh veshchestv [Elektronnyy resurs] / A. Vynstok, K. Uylkyns // 2011. — Rezhym dostupu: www.uiphp.org.ua/media/1419.

Herasimov V. M. Deyaki pytannya obihu kontrol’ovanykh rechovyn v Ukrayini / V. M. Herasimov, R.S. Korolenko // Kryminalistychnyy visnyk. — 2013. — № 2. — S. 53–56.

Yendzheyko M. Narkotyky ta paranarkotyky (drugs and speed drugs) [Elektronnyy resurs] / M. Yendzheyko, Ya. Klimchak, Yu. Plyska, P. Yablons’kyy. — Ostroh 2011. — Rezhym dostupu: cps.edu.pl/pub/cms/files/79/narkotiki_ta_paranarkotyki_-_ukraina.pdf

Kaklyuhyn N. V. «Syntetycheskaya» Rossyya: prohressyruyushchee samoubyystvo narkotyzyruyushcheysya molodezhy. Problemy y perspektyvy / N. V. Kaklyuhyn // Medytsyna. — 2014. — № 4. — S. 1–27.

Kobets’ M. M. Ekspertna otsinka stanu narkomaniyi v Ukrayini yak sotsial’no-ekonomichnoyi problemy suspil’stva ta derzhavy / M. M. Kobets’, Yu. M. Kobets’, O. V. Filiptsova // Upravlinnya, ekonomika ta zabezpechennya yakosti v farmatsiyi. — 2014. — # 3. — S. 39–44.

Muzyka A. A. Vidpovidal’nist’ za zlochyny u sferi obihu narkotychnykh zasobiv / A. A. Muzyka. — K.: Lohos, 1998. — 324 S.

Ovchynnykov A. A. Syntetycheskye kannabynoydy: psykhotropnye эffekty, pobochnye deystvyya, rysky upotreblenyya [Elektronnyy resurs] / A. A. Ovchynnykov, O. N. Patrykeeva. // Medytsyna y obrazovanye v Sybyry. — 2014. — № 3. — Rezhym dostupu: http://ngmu.ru/ cozo/mos/eng/article/annotacy_full.php?id=1431

Rayets’ka L. V. Tendentsiyi poshyrennya narkomaniyi v Ukrayini / L. V. Rayets’ka // Borot’ba z orhanizovanoyu zlochynnistyu i koruptsiyeyu (teoriya i praktyka). — 2008. — Vyp. 18. — S. 67–76.

Stepushchenko O. A. Dyzaynerskye narkotyky y problema otnesenyya ykh k analoham narkotycheskykh sredstv / O. A. Stepushchenko, Y. M. Fytsev, V. K. Blokhyn, A. Kh. Mukhametzyanov, A. A. Fomyn, A. A. Zavhorodnev // Advokat∙skaya praktyka. — 2011. — № 1. — S. 11–13.

Chertkova O. A. Osobennosty klynyky y slozhnosty psykhokorrektsyonnoy raboty s narkozavysymymy ot amfetamynov y kanabynoydov, soderzhashchykhsya v kurytel’nykh smesyakh. / O. A. Chertkova, L. M. Volhyn, A. M. Seledtsov // Razvytye cheloveka v sovremennom myre: V Vserossyyskaya nauchno-praktycheskoy konferentsyya s mezhdunarodnym uchastyem (15–17 aprelya 2014 h.) / pod red. N. Ya. Bol’shunovoy, O. A. Shamshykovoy. — Novosybyrsk: NHPU, 2014. — Chast’ 1. — S. 241–248.

Shalashova I. V. Kliniko-terapevtychni osoblyvosti zalezhnosti vid psykhostymulyatoriv riznoyi retseptury vyhotovlennya: avtoref. dys. ... kand. med. nauk: spets. 14.01.17 — Narkolohiya / I. V. Shalashova. — Kharkiv, 2009. — 22 s.

Sheridan J. Legal piperazine-containing party pills — a new trend in substance misuse. J. Sheridan, R. Butler, C. Wilkins, B. Russell // Drug and Alcohol Review. — 2007 — Vol. 26(3). — P. 335–343.

Staack R. F. Metabolism of designer drugs of abuse / R. F. Staack, H. H. Maurer // Curr. Drug. Metab. — 2005. — Nо 6. — P. 259–274.

Vandrey R. A survey study to characterize use of Spice products (syntethic cannabinoids) / R. Vandrey, K. E. Dunn, J. A. Fry, E. R. Girling // Drug. Alcohol. Depend. — 2012. — Vol. 120, Nо 1–3. — P. 238–241.

Vardakou I. Spice drugs as a new trend: Mode of action, identification and legislation / I. Vardakou, C. Pistos, C. Spiliopoulou // Toxicology Letters. — 2010. — Vol. 197(3). — P. 157–162.

Wikström M. A2 (N-benzylpiperazine) a new drug of abuse in Sweden/ M. Wikström, P. Holmgren, J. Ahlner // J Anal Toxicol — 2004, — Vol.28, — P. 67–70.

Winstock A. R. Mephedrone: Use, subjective effects and health risks / A. R. Winstock, L. Mitcheson, J. Ramsey, J. Marsden // Аddiction. — 2011. — Vol. 106, No. 11. — P. 1991–1996.

Winstock A. R., Ramsey J. D. Legal highs and the challenges for policy makers / Winstock A. R., Ramsey J. D. // Addiction. — 2010. — Vol. 105 (10). — P. 1685–1687.

Published

2015-06-23