NEUROLINGUISTIC FEATURES OF SPEECH APHASIAS

Abstract

Formulation of scientific problem and its significance. Questions dealing with speech pathology, speech disorders and speech normally have been inextricably linked to biological data on the organization of language in the human brain, the localization of areas that are responsible for the generation and perception of speech. According to neuroscience, brain language areas are — Broca and Wernicke.

The purpose of the article is to find neurolinguistic speech characteristics of per-sons with a language functioning deficit areas in the brain. It is focused on the neu-rolinguistic study of impaired speech by individuals who suffer from Broca’s and Wernicke’s aphasias. The study generalizes neurolinguistic approaches by home and foreign researchers to the investigation of speech production and comprehension dis-orders. Primary results of investigating the aphasic speech showed the availability of qualitative and quantitative shifts on phonological to syntactic levels of language. A Broca aphasic speech contains a lot of speech perceverations, non-grammatical constructions, anomia, lack of speech initiative, low indices of lexical variety. Despite the ability to pronounce certain sounds, the speaker is unable to pronounce a single word except exclamations. There are certain complications with the combination of sounds in words and sentences.

Sensory aphasia is characterized by meaningless speech, lack of logical ties between utterances, phonemic and semantic paraphasias, loss of strategic information process-ing but preserved automatic processing mode. Speakers with Wernicke’s aphasia retain automatic lexical processing but lose the strategic information processing.